About environmental law
Environmental law consists of establishing the legislations, regulations and controls that must be applied to achieve the environmental conservation and preservation, since the environment is considered the only place in which human beings are capable of carrying out their own existence.
Characteristics
Among the main characteristics we can mention the following:
- It is a type of interdisciplinary law, so it needs several branches and at the same time, it serves some branches of the law itself.
- It is trans-disciplinary because it is able to interact with other sciences.
- It is dynamic, it has the capacity to change with the passage of time and depending on the events that occur.
- It is innovative and supportive because it seeks solutions to avoid damaging the environment.
- It has a dispersion of normative character.
- It has a irrelevant international jurisdictional
- There are no responsibilities in environmental law that have been established in international matters and are not embodied in the internal law of the country itself.
- There is no environmental law court, but there are arbitrators who help solve problems.
- The different agreements that are taken in the generation of Soft Law, are of voluntary character and not of mandatory character.
- All the different norms of environmental law have been made with the objective of preventing and not healing.
Legal nature
The legal nature of environmental law does not follow an autonomous system of closed order since this law branch has been introduced into society through great changes that have arisen from it over time. It is for this reason that its principles, techniques and objectives as well as its legal nature; have their foundation in general international law, in the differences that exist between States.
Backgrounds
Since ancient times there have been different ways of regulating the environment and punishing those who harm it. Before this time, there is no record that there was a law that protected the environment. As time goes by, it is understood that natural resources can become depleted and for this reason, the human being becomes aware of the importance of these, so they start to take measures to regulate its use. In the first phase, the law took agreements with respect to the environment. After the Second World War, the world became aware of environmental issues.
History
History can be divided into three different stages having a mid-point with the Stockholm Conference and the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Other aspects that influenced the history of environmental rights are for example: the silent spring that was responsible for laying the foundations of environmentalism today, the Stockholm conference that gave all its attention, the Earth Summit in 1992 and the Kyoto Protocol that fights climate change.
Objective of environmental law
The main objectives of environmental law are to maintain adequate pollution control and the conservation and management of resources. Its laws look for ways to protect and to take care of the environment and at the same time, human health. They also take care of the economic aspect of environmental laws through the prevention of externalities that occur today, and those that could occur in the future.
Sources
The sources of environmental law are all the human actions that participate in the environmental degradation causing a decrease in the species in an area or making their quality of life worse through human action. The sources of law are not found concretely in the constitution, but a right is named for citizens who are interested in their country.
Principles
The fundamental principles of environmental law are as follows:
- Principle of intergenerational equality.
- Principle of common care for human interests.
Aims
The purpose of environmental law in most countries is to protect people’s health, to control environmental pollution and to protect the environment of the social and productive sector.
Importance of environmental law
The greatest importance of environmental law is to guarantee the planet’s sustainability and it is seen as a present and future society’s right. It is a right and a duty of every citizen to protect the natural resources necessary for life.
Examples
Ecuador considers nature as a legal objective, making this country the first to recognize the nature’s rights for its care and preservation. In Spain, the Spanish Constitution establishes that all people can enjoy the environment, but that they must also conserve it in order to protect and improve its quality of life. In Mexico, the constitution says that everyone can enjoy the environment, but that the State also guarantees the respect that must be given to it, and that any environmental damage will have its responsibilities in accordance with the law.
