As the number of states has multiplied, so have constitutions and with them, the body of constitutional law, although sometimes, such law originates from sources outside the state. The protection of individual rights, meanwhile, has become the concern of supranational institutions, particularly since the mid-twentieth century.
About constitutional right
Constitutional right consists of carrying out different studies on human rights, power, the constitution and the State. It is a branch of public law in which the legal system is responsible for regulating the relations that occur between the State and the various private entities of public power.
It studies everything that has to do with the way in which the state protects in this way the fundamental citizens’ rights and the order that the different public powers should have. Constitutional right is affirmed by means of the Political Constitution, which is the superior norm that a country has and that prevails over any other regulation or law.
Characteristics
The main characteristics of constitutional right are as follows:
- Its maximum function is to comply with what is established in the Political Constitution.
- It functions through a series of institutions or bodies that are in charge of applying the laws, for example, the Supreme Courts of Justice.
- There are several types of constitutional right: classic, comparative, general and national.
- It acts as the limit for governments, because it restricts power and forces them to conform to the Magna Carta
- It is a guarantee for the rights of the inhabitants of a town.
- It gives guidance to the branches of positive law.
Legal nature
Its nature is based on the set of rules that oversee the structure of the State, the functions of the bodies that make it up and the relations that occur between these bodies and the inhabitants of a country. It is to study the different problems that can be presented from the point of view of the origin of the State through the Constitution.
Background
The antecedents of constitutional right date back to the 17th century British Constitution, in which a legal agreement was formulated to govern the political life of a State. Also the ancient laws of Greece that Aristotle together with Plato formulated in their different studies during the thirteenth century.
History of constitutional right
It is considered that the first to systematize law were the Greeks. The Hellenes were the ones in charge of reflecting about the reality of the law that elevated it of category and that managed to balance the power of the regions introducing new political and social doctrines.
The first stage of the history of constitutional right occurs in the ancient slave societies of Greece and Rome, places from where the term constitution arises and where the organization of Greek cities takes place. The term constitutionalism also emerged. The second stage corresponds to the passage from the slave society towards a socioeconomic formation, better known as feudalism.
Objective
The objective of constitutional right is to analyze the set of sources, principles and fundamental laws that have been established in order to maintain the legal order enjoyed by a country. In addition, it limits the way in which the State acts and maintains the principle of popular sovereignty.
Sources
The sources of constitutional right may vary depending on the legal order that exists in the country. Generally we find the following:
- Direct sources of constitutional right: laws, treaties and customs.
- Indirect sources of constitutional right: jurisprudence, doctrine and comparative law.
Principles of Constitutional right
The universal principles of constitutional right are as follows:
- Principle of Limitation
- Principle of supremacy
- Principle of unity
- Principle of Integrative Effectiveness
- Principle of social reference
- Principle of durability
- Principle of functionality
- Ideological principle
Aims
The purpose of constitutional right is to establish a form of government that has laws in charge of defining the State, of regulating the different public powers that make up the State, of organizing them, and of maintaining an adequate division. It seeks to protect the rule of law and to maintain the sovereignty enjoyed by a country, to protect the individual’s fundamental rights and guarantees through the Constitution or Constitutional Charter, better known as the Magna Carta.
Importance of constitutional right
The importance lies in the fact that it guarantees and provides protection for the rule of law that the citizens of a country should enjoy. Through the constitutional or supreme courts of justice, the protection of the fundamental principles and rights of the people of a country is guaranteed in case of violation by the organs and entities that make up the State.
Some examples
Some examples of constitutional right are:
- Civil rights: right to life, freedom of transit, privacy.
- Political rights: the right to elect and to be elected to a position of government.
- Social rights: the right to work, the right to a fair wage, education and housing.
